P Ÿ. ŠÊ Î ± 1, 2,. ƒ. Œμ²μ± μ. ˆ ˆ Š ƒ ƒ Š Ÿ ˆŸˆ. ² μ μ ±μ³ É É 23- μ Œ Ê μ μ μ ³ μ Ê ±μ É ²Ö³ Ö ÒÌ Î É Í (8Ä14 ÉÖ Ö 2013.
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1 P Ÿ. ŠÊ Î ± 1, 2,. ƒ. Œμ²μ± μ ˆ Œ ˆ Š ˆ ˆ Š ƒ ƒ Š Ÿ ˆŸˆ ² μ μ ±μ³ É É 23- μ Œ Ê μ μ μ ³ μ Ê ±μ É ²Ö³ Ö ÒÌ Î É Í (8Ä14 ÉÖ Ö 2013., ²ÊÏÉ, Š Ò³) 1 ˆ É ÉÊÉ Ö μ Ë ±, 2 Ï ± É Ì Î ± Ê É É,
2 ŠÊ Î ± Ÿ., Œμ²μ± μ. ƒ. ˆ ³ ±É μ μé É Î ±μ μ μéμ μ μ Êα Ë μé μ Ÿ ˆŸˆ P Ï Ì ±É É ±μ μ É Ö μ ÊÕÐ μ ²ÊÎ Ö μ²μ Î - ± μ Ñ ±ÉÒ Ö ²Ö É Ö ² Î ² μ Î Ô ( ), μé ±μéμ μ É ³ Ì ³ ³μ É Ö ±² Éμ± ²ÊÎ ³. μ³μðóõ ±É μ μ ± ³ μ μ É ±Éμ LIULIN Ò² ³ Ò ±É Ò ² - μ Î Ô ÒÌ ²Ê Ì μé É Î ±μ μ μéμ μ μ Êα Ë μé μ Ÿ ˆŸˆ. ±É μ³ É ² μ Î Ô LIULIN É ²Ö É μ μ ³ ÉÕ Ò 256-± ²Ó Ò ±É μ³ É - μ ³ É ± ³ Ò³ (Si) μ²ê μ- μ ±μ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³ ÔËË ±É μ ²μÐ ÓÕ ³³ Éμ²Ð μ 300 ³±³. ±- É μ³ É LIULIN ³ Ö É Ô Õ, Ò ²Ö ³ÊÕ Si- É ±Éμ ± μ μìμ ÖÐ Î É ±Éμ Î É Í, ³ Ò Ô É Î ± ±É Ò μ ÊÕÉ Ö ±É Ò. μ²êî Ö Ëμ ³ Í Ö Ò É Ö μ ˲ÔÏ- ³ÖÉÓ ³μ É Î ÉÒ ÉÓ Ö μ²ó μ- ³ μ ²Ó μ μ ±μ³ ÓÕÉ. ˆ ³ Ö ±É μ Ò² μ Ò μ ³ μ ²Ê μ μ μ μ μ ² Ö μéμ μ μ Êα Å μé Ìμ μ μ ² É ± Ô, É ± ³μ- Ë Í μ ÒÌ Êα Ì. ˆ ³ Ò ±É Ò μ²ó ÊÕÉ Ö ²Ö ² μ É Ö ²ÊÎ Ö μ²μ Î ± μ Ñ ±ÉÒ. μé Ò μ² μ Éμ Ö ÒÌ μ ² ³ ³... ² μ ˆŸˆ. É Ñ μ μ É ÉÊÉ Ö ÒÌ ² μ. Ê, 2013 Kubancak J., Molokanov A. G. Measurements of LET Spectra of the JINR Phasotron Radiotherapy Proton Beam P Linear energy transfer (LET) is one of the most important parameters which characterize biological effects of ionizing radiation. The spectra of linear energy transfer at different depths of the radiotherapy proton beam were measured using an active silicon detector LIULIN. The spectrometer of a linear energy transfer LIULIN is a small 256-channel spectrometer-dosimeter with a silicon (Si) semiconductor detector with an effective area of mm and a thickness of 300 microns. LIULIN measures energy deposition in Si of each particle passing through the detector, the spectra of energy deposited in Si can be transformed to the LET spectra. The resulting information is written into the ash memory and can be read by using a personal computer. LET spectra measurements were carried out at several points of the depth dose distribution from the proton beam entrance to the Bragg peak region and in modiˇed beams. Measured spectra are used to analyze the effects of radiation on biological objects. The investigation has been performed at the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, JINR. Preprint of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Dubna, 2013
3 ˆ ³μ É ²ÊÎ Ö μ²μ Î ± ³ μ Ñ ±É ³ Ï Ì ±É É ±μ Ö ²Ö É Ö ² Î ² μ Î Ô ( ), μé ±μéμ μ É ³ Ì ³ ³μ É Ö ±² Éμ± ²ÊÎ ³. ² Î Ê ² Ö É Ô Ö μ ÊÕÐ μ ²ÊÎ Ö. ²Ö Êαμ ÉÖ ²ÒÌ Ö ÒÌ Î É Í ( μéμ μ μ μ ) ² Î Ê μ ²Ö É É μ μ Ì Ô Ö. μìμ Êα Î É Í Î Ð É μ Ì ÖÖ Ô Ö Ê³ ÓÏ É Ö, μ Î É É ² Ê ² Î É Ö Ô É Î ± μ Î É Í Êα. ˆ ³ Ö ±É μ Êα Ì ÉÖ ²ÒÌ Ö ÒÌ Î É Í μ - ³μ μ μ μ ÉÓ ² Î Ò³ ³ Éμ ³. ²Ö ÔÉμ μ ³μ μ μ²ó μ ÉÓ É± - Ô± ² É Ò μ μ Í μ ²Ó Ò Î ÉÎ ±, μ Í μ ÊÕ ±μ³ Í μ ÊÕ ± ³ Ê, É ±μ Ò É ±Éμ Ò. ±μ É ±μ Ò É ±Éμ Ò ³ ÕÉ μ μ ³ Ö μ±μ²μ 10 ±Ô /³±³ ³μ ÊÉ μ²ó μ ÉÓ Ö Êα Ì μ μ, μéμ ÒÌ Êα Ì μ μ²öõé ³ ÖÉÓ Éμ²Ó±μ Éμ Î Ò Î É ÍÒ Ò- μ± ³ Î Ö³ ³ ² Ò μéμ Ò Ô 6 ŒÔ μ ² É ± Ô. ± ³ μ μ³, ²Ö ³ Ö ±É μ μ μ μ Î É μéμ μ μ Êα, ³ ÕÐ μ μ² ± ² Î Ò, ²ÊÎÏ ³ É ±Éμ μ³ Ö ²Ö É Ö ± ³ Ò É ±Éμ LIULIN, μ μ²öõð ³ ÖÉÓ ³ ² ÉÊ Ò ³ Ê²Ó μ μé ± μ Î É ÍÒ. Š LIULIN ±É μ³ É ² μ Î Ô LIULIN-4C μé μ²- ±μ ± ³ ʱ [1, 2] É ²Ö É μ μ ³ ÉÕ Ò 256-± ²Ó- Ò ±É μ³ É - μ ³ É (. 1) ³ μ³ ³³ ± ³ Ò³ (Si) μ²ê μ μ ±μ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³ ÔËË ±É μ ²μÐ ÓÕ ³³ Éμ²Ð μ 300 ³±³. ² É ±Éμ Ê ² É Ö Ö μ μ-îê É É ²Ó Ò³ Ê ² É - ² ³ É ³ μ³μðóõ ²μ μ-í Ë μ μ μ μ μ É ²Ö ( ) μ - Ê É Ö ±É Ò Ò ² μ Ô. μ²êî Ö Ëμ ³ Í Ö Ò É Ö μ ˲ÔÏ- ³ÖÉÓ ³μ É Î ÉÒ ÉÓ Ö μ³μðóõ μ ²Ó μ μ ±μ³ ÓÕÉ. 1
4 . 1. μéμ ±É μ³ É LIULIN-4C μ² Ò μ Ò ÒÌ Ì ÖÉ Ö ±μ³ ÓÕÉ ³μ ÊÉ μ²ó μ ÉÓ Ö ²Ö Ê ² Í ÒÌ ² ±É μ. ² μ Ö ³ ²Ò³ ³ ³ ³ μ ³ Ö É Ö ²Ö μ ³ É Î - ± Ì ³ μ É Ì ³μ² Éμ ±μ ³ Î ± Ì Éμ. ÉμÉ ±É μ- ³ É ³μ É É ± μ²ó μ ÉÓ Ö ²Ö ³ ±É μ μé - É Î ± Ì Êα Ì μéμ μ ÉÖ ²ÒÌ μ μ [3]. ±μ ²Ö μ Ö É ± Ì ³ ²μÉ μ ÉÓ μéμ± μéμ μ, μìμ ÖÐ Ì Î É ±Éμ, μ² ÒÏ ÉÓ ±μ²ó± Ì Í ³ 2. œ ˆ Œ ˆ ˆ ³ Ö ±É μ ² μ Î Ô Ò² μ Ò - ÒÌ ²Ê Ì μé É Î ±μ μ Êα μéμ μ Ë μé μ Ÿ ˆŸˆ μ³μðóõ ±É μ³ É LIULIN-4C. ÖÖ Ô Ö μéμ μ μ Êα Ìμ ± Ê μ É ²Ö É 171 ŒÔ. Ö Êα ± μ ²Ö É Ö μ μ Ê Êα μ (R = 200 ³³ μ Ò). ƒ²ê Ò μ Ò ² Ö ³ ÖÕÉ Ö ³ ÉÕ Ò³ μ²ê μ- μ ±μ Ò³ ± ³ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³. ³ ÓÏ Ô Êα μ μ- É Ö μ³μðóõ ³ ² É ² ² ± ². ƒ²ê Ò μ Ò ² Ö ÉÊ ²Ó μ μ μéμ μ μ Êα ³μ - Ë Í μ μ μ μ²ó μ ³ ÊÌ Î ÉÒÌ Ë ²ÓÉ μ (RF11 RF14), ±μéμ Ò³ Ò² μ Ò ³ Ö, μ± Ò. 2. Ê μ²ó ± ³ ʱ Ò Éμα, ±μéμ ÒÌ ³ Ö² Ó ±É Ò. 2
5 . 2. ƒ²ê Ò μ Ò ² Ö ÉÊ ²Ó μ μ ³μ Ë Í μ ÒÌ μéμ - ÒÌ ÊÎ±μ ˆ ³ Ö ±É μ Ò² μ Ò ² Î ÒÌ ²Ê Ì ÉÊ- ²Ó μ μ μéμ μ μ Êα μ ³ μ ²Ê μ μ μ μ μ - ² Ö Éμ²Ð Ì μé 0 μ 200 ³³ ± Ô ²Ö ÊÌ Î ÉÒÌ Ë ²ÓÉ μ (RF11 Å Éμα ³ ± ³Ê³ μ Ò RF14 Å É Ì Éμα Ì ²μ ±μ Ï Ò: Î ²Ó μ Î É ² Éμ, Í É ±μ Í ² Éμ). ± ± ± LIULIN ³ Ö É ³ ² ÉÊ Ê ³ Ê²Ó μé ± μ Î É ÍÒ, - É μ ÉÓ μéμ μ μ Êα Ò² μ Ê μ Ö ²μÉ μ É μéμ± μéμ μ 1, ³ 2, É ± ±²ÕÎ ³ Ö ÉÖ ± Êα. É ±μ³ Ê μ É μ É μéμ μ μ Êα Î É ±Éμ ²μÐ - ÓÕ 2 ³ 2 μìμ É μ±μ²μ μéμ μ ±Ê Ê.. 3 μ± Ò ±É Ò, ³ Ò ÒÌ ²Ê Ì μ- Éμ μ μ Êα.. 3, μ± Ò ±É Ò ±μ² Î É Î É Í,. 3, Å Ô É Î ± ±É Ò (E i = i N i). Ê ² Î ³ ²Ê Ò μ É É Î Î É Í Î É É ² Ê ² Î É Ö Ï ² Ö. ± ² Ö Ò ² μ Ô ²Ö ³μ Ë Í μ ÒÌ μéμ ÒÌ ÊÎ±μ ²μ ±μ Ï μ Ò. 4. ²Ö ÔÉ Ì ±- É μ ²Õ É Ö μ É ÉμÎ μ ²Ó Ö ³μ ÉÓ μ Î Ö μé μ²μ Ö ³ Ö ³μ Éμα ²μ ±μ Ï ³μ Ë Í μ μ μ Êα, ÎÉμ ³μ É μ ÉÓ ± ² Î μ³ê μ²μ Î ±μ³ê μ É Õ μ Ñ ±ÉÒ, μ ²ÊÎ ³Ò μ ±μ μ μ μ ² Î ÒÌ μ ² ÉÖÌ ²μ ±μ - Ï Ò. ² Ê É μé³ É ÉÓ μ μ ±É μ, ³ ÒÌ ² Î Ò³ Î ÉÒ³ Ë ²ÓÉ ³ Éμα ³ ± ³ ²Ó μ ²Ê ²μ ±μ Ï Ò (187 ³³), ÎÉμ ² Ê É μ μ ³μ Ë ± Í μéμ μ μ Êα. 3
6 . 3. ±É Ò ÒÌ ²Ê Ì μéμ μ μ Êα. 4. ±É Ò ³μ Ë Í μ ÒÌ μéμ ÒÌ Êαμ 4
7 μ μ ³ ÒÌ ±É μ μ ³μ μ μ ² ÉÓ μ ²μÐ ÊÕ μ Ê Êα μéμ μ μ : D =1, Σ i N i/ρ, D Å μ ²μÐ Ö μ μ, ³ƒ ; i Å ² Î ² μ Î Ô, ±Ô /³±³; N i Å ±μ² Î É μ Î É Í μ i ; ρ Å ²μÉ μ ÉÓ μ Ò, / ³ 3. ˆ ³ ÒÌ ±É μ Î É ³μ ÉÓ μ ²μÐ μ μ Ò μé ²Ê Ò (± Ö Ô ), ±μéμ Ö μ É ÉμÎ μ Ìμ μïμ μ É ³ μ ³ ÉÕ Ò³ ± ³ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³ (. 5).. 5. ƒ²ê Ò μ Ò ² Ö μéμ μ μ Êα, ³ Ò ³ ÉÕ Ò³ ± ³ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³ ÒÎ ² Ò ±É μ μ É É± ³ ±É μ³ É Ö ²ÖÕÉ Ö É± Ô± ² É μ ÉÓ ³ É ² É ±Éμ μ É ÉμÎ μ μ²óï Ö Éμ²Ð É ±Éμ (0,3 ³³). ɱ Ô± ² É μ ÉÓ É ±Éμ μ Ê ²μ ² Ô É Î ±μ - ³μ ÉÓÕ μé μï Ö ² μ Î Ô μ ( ² ³Ö ±μ ɱ ) μé μ É ²Ó μ Ô μ Ò Ö ± ³ (Si). Éμ μé μï ²Ö μéμ μ É ² Ô μé 20 μ 200 ŒÔ ÉμÎ μ ÉÓÕ 3 % μ ³μ μ Î É ÉÓ Ò³ 1,24. ±μ ÔÉ ³μ ÉÓ Ò² ÊÎÉ μ É μ ±- É μ [4]. μ²ð É ±Éμ (0,3 ³³ Si) μμé É É Ê É μ Ê μéμ μ Ô - 6,3 ŒÔ [5]. μéμ Ò Ô ÔÉμ μ ² μ É ² - ÕÉ Ö É ±Éμ, É ± ³ μ μ³ ÔÉμÉ É ±Éμ μ μ²ö É ³ ÉÓ μéμ μ Ô ÔÉμ μ Î Ö. 5
8 1. μ³μðóõ ±É μ³ É LIULIN ³ Ò ±É Ò μé - É Î ±μ μ μéμ μ μ Êα Ë μé μ Ÿ ˆŸˆ. 2. ƒ²ê Ö ³μ ÉÓ μ ²μÐ μ μ Ò, Î É Ö μ μ - ³ ÒÌ ±É μ, Ìμ μïμ μ ² Ê É Ö ± μ Ô, ³ μ ³ ÉÕ Ò³ ± ³ Ò³ É ±Éμ μ³. 3. ˆ ³ Ò ±É Ò ³μ ÊÉ ÒÉÓ μ²ó μ Ò ²Ö ² μ É Ö ²ÊÎ Ö μ²μ Î ± μ Ñ ±ÉÒ. μé Ò² μ Ï ± ³ É Ì Î ± ³ Ê É Éμ³ ( É SGS 10/212/OHK4/2T/14) μ ±Éμ³ INGO Œ É É μ μ - Ö, ³μ²μ μ É Ï ±μ Ê ² ±. ˆ 1. Dachev Ts. et al. Simultaneous Investigation of Galactic Cosmic Rays on Aircraft and on International Space Station // Adv. Space Res V. 36a. P Spurny F., Ploc O., Jadrnckova I. Spectrometry of Linear Energy Transfer and Dosimetry Measurements on Board Spacecrafts and Aircrafts // Phys. Part. Nucl., Lett V. 6, No. 1. P Uchihori Y. et al. Analysis of the Calibration Results Obtained with Liulin-4J Spectrometer-Dosimeter on Protons and Heavy Ions // Rad. Meas V. 5, Iss. 2. P Semkova J. et al. Radiation Measurements inside a Human Phantom aboard the International Space Station Using Liulin-5 Charged Particle Telescope // Adv. Space Res V. 45. P Dachev Ts., Spurny F., Ploc O. Characterization of the Radiation Environment by LIULIN-type Spectrometers // Rad. Protection Dosimetry V. 144, No. 1Ä4. P μ²êî μ 24 Õ²Ö 2013.
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